How to Write a Cover Letter — Step-by-Step Guide

The step-by-step structure for a cover letter that actually gets read — opening hook, two body paragraphs, closing call to action.

By · Career Strategist · Updated 2026-06-04

Former in-house recruiter turned career coach — 10+ years helping candidates land roles at Google, Stripe, and Shopify.

A cover letter is the highest-leverage paragraph in your job application. Done right, it tips the decision between two equally qualified candidates. This step-by-step guide walks through every paragraph. Pair it with the complete resume writing guide for the full application package.

When you actually need a cover letter

Skip the cover letter only when the posting explicitly says they aren't reviewed.

The one-page structure that works

  1. Header — your name, contact, date, hiring manager name + company (matched to your resume header).
  2. Opening hook — one sentence naming the role and a specific reason this company.
  3. Body paragraph 1 — your most relevant accomplishment, quantified, tied to the job requirements.
  4. Body paragraph 2 — a second proof point that covers a different requirement.
  5. Closing — a one-sentence call to action and your sign-off.

Total length: three to four short paragraphs, fitting comfortably on one page.

Writing the opening hook

Forget 'I am writing to apply for…' — recruiters delete that sentence on contact. Lead with something specific. The Grammarly blog's cover letter examples are a useful library if you want to see openings in different registers before drafting your own:

Strong opening

Stripe's new in-product onboarding redesign is the kind of zero-to-one product work I've spent the last four years doing at two YC-backed startups — I'd love to bring that experience to your team as a senior product designer.

Writing the body paragraphs

Each body paragraph should map to a top requirement in the job description and prove it with a quantified outcome. Use strong action verbs and tie the outcome to the company's stated goals.

Body paragraph example

At Acme, I owned the redesign of the trial-to-paid funnel, running 14 A/B tests and lifting conversion 31% in six months. That moved $1.4M in net-new ARR. The same data-driven approach is exactly what Stripe's job description names as central to this role.

Generate a custom cover letter in seconds Paste any job description into our AI cover letter builder and get a polished one-page draft — free.

Writing the closing

Close with confidence and a clear call to action. Don't apologize, don't hedge, don't wait passively.

Strong closing

I'd welcome the chance to walk through how I'd approach the first 90 days of this role. Available for a conversation any afternoon next week.

Tone — formal, friendly, or confident?

Match the company's voice. Finance and law: formal. Startups and creative agencies: friendly. Executive roles at any company: confident. The same content can be re-toned with one swap of vocabulary. The Grammarly blog's cover letter library has side-by-side rewrites in each register that are useful when you are stuck.

Common mistakes to avoid

Match your cover letter to your resume design

Recruiters open dozens of applications a day. A matched packet — resume and cover letter in the same template family — reads as more professional than a mismatched pair. For deeper guidance on structure and salutations, the Purdue OWL cover letter guide is the most-cited reference in writing classrooms. Use the AI cover letter builder to reuse your resume's header, fonts, and colors automatically.

Frequently asked questions

How long should a cover letter be?

Exactly one page — three to four short paragraphs, around 250–350 words. Recruiters spend less than 30 seconds on a first read.

Can I reuse the same cover letter for every job?

No — at minimum tailor the opening hook and one body paragraph to each role. Generic letters underperform tailored ones dramatically.

Should I address my cover letter to the hiring manager by name?

Yes when findable on LinkedIn or the careers page. Default to 'Dear Hiring Manager' only when the name is genuinely unavailable.

Do I attach the cover letter or paste it in the body of the email?

Attach as a PDF when uploading to an applicant tracking system. Paste in the email body when emailing directly — most recruiters won't open both.

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